Maintaining a functional water well system is essential for accessing clean water, particularly in remote areas or during emergencies. However, when the well pump fails, it can disrupt your water supply and cause inconvenience. Replacing a water well pump can seem daunting, but it is a manageable task with the right knowledge and preparation. This comprehensive guide will provide you with step-by-step instructions and the necessary safety measures to ensure a successful pump replacement.
Before embarking on the pump replacement, it is imperative to gather the necessary tools and materials. Essential tools include wrenches (adjustable and pipe), pliers, wire strippers, and a voltage tester. Additionally, you will require a replacement pump, electrical wire, PVC pipe (matching the existing size), and electrical tape. To ensure safety, always disconnect power to the well pump before any maintenance or repairs. It is advisable to have a helper assist with the removal and installation of the pump, as it can be heavy. Let’s now delve into the step-by-step process of replacing a water well pump.
The first step is to remove the old pump. Disconnect the electrical cables by loosening the terminals using a screwdriver. Next, remove the discharge pipe connected to the pump and the suction pipe coming from the well. Carefully lift the old pump straight up to detach it from the drop pipe. Inspect the drop pipe for any damage and replace it if necessary. Now, you can proceed with installing the new pump. Ensure the proper alignment of the pump and connect it securely to the drop pipe. Reattach the suction and discharge pipes, ensuring tight connections. Finally, reconnect the electrical cables, taking care to match the wires correctly and secure them with electrical tape. Once the installation is complete, restore power to the well and test the pump’s functionality. By following these steps and observing the necessary safety precautions, you can successfully replace a water well pump and restore your water supply.
Identifying the Need for Replacement
Signs of a Failing Water Well Pump
The first step in replacing a water well pump is to identify the need for a replacement. There are several signs that can indicate your pump is malfunctioning or nearing the end of its lifespan:
1. Reduced Water Pressure: A noticeable drop in water pressure from your taps may be caused by a weak or failing pump.
| Common Causes | Possible Solutions |
|---|---|
| Worn or damaged pump impeller | Replace the impeller or the entire pump |
| Electrical issues in the motor | Repair or replace the motor |
| Clogged or obstructed pipes | Clear the obstruction or replace affected pipes |
2. Strange Noises: If you hear unusual noises, such as grinding, rattling, or humming, when your pump is running, it could indicate a mechanical problem.
3. Frequent Cycling: A pump that turns on and off frequently without providing consistent water flow may be experiencing a pressure switch issue or other electrical problems.
4. Increased Energy Consumption: A sudden increase in your electricity bill could be a sign that your pump is working harder than usual to maintain water pressure.
5. Age and Lifespan: Most water well pumps have a lifespan of 10-15 years. If your pump has been in operation for an extended period, it may be nearing the end of its life and require replacement.
Selecting the Right Pump
When selecting a water well pump, consider the following factors:
Pump Type
There are three main types of water well pumps: submersible pumps, jet pumps, and reciprocating pumps. Submersible pumps are the most efficient and quietest type, and they are typically used in deep wells. Jet pumps are less expensive and easier to install, but they are not as efficient or quiet as submersible pumps. Reciprocating pumps are the oldest type of water well pump, and they are still used in some areas. However, they are not as efficient or reliable as submersible or jet pumps.
Pump Capacity
The pump capacity is measured in gallons per minute (GPM). The GPM requirement will depend on the size of the house and the number of fixtures that are used. A 10 GPM pump is adequate for a small house with 1-2 bathrooms. A 15 GPM pump is a good choice for a larger house with 3-4 bathrooms. A 20 GPM pump is suitable for a large house with 5 or more bathrooms.
Pump Head
The pump head is measured in feet. The pump head is the distance that the pump can lift water vertically. The pump head requirement will depend on the depth of the well and the height of the water table. A 100-foot pump head is adequate for a well that is 100 feet deep. A 200-foot pump head is a good choice for a well that is 200 feet deep. A 300-foot pump head is suitable for a well that is 300 feet deep.
Here is a table that summarizes the different factors to consider when selecting a water well pump:
| Factor | Considerations |
|---|---|
| Pump Type | Submersible, jet, or reciprocating |
| Pump Capacity | 10 GPM for a small house, 15 GPM for a larger house, 20 GPM for a large house |
| Pump Head | 100-foot head for a 100-foot well, 200-foot head for a 200-foot well, 300-foot head for a 300-foot well |
Gathering the Necessary Tools and Materials
Before embarking on the pump replacement, it is crucial to assemble the necessary tools and materials. Here’s a comprehensive list to ensure a smooth and hassle-free process:
Essential Tools:
– Adjustable wrenches: Various sizes to fit different pipe diameters and fittings.
– Pipe wrench: For gripping and tightening pipes firmly.
– Teflon tape or pipe sealant: To seal threaded connections and prevent leaks.
– Voltmeter: To test the electrical system.
– Multimeter: To measure voltage and continuity.
– Wire strippers: To prepare electrical wires for connections.
– Screwdrivers (Phillips and flathead): For electrical connections and disconnections.
– Safety glasses: For eye protection during cutting and handling materials.
– Gloves: To protect hands from sharp edges and contaminants.
Materials:
– New submersible or jet pump: Matching the specifications of your existing pump.
– Discharge pipe and fittings: To connect the pump to the plumbing system.
– Electrical cable: To power the pump; ensure it’s the correct gauge and length.
– Check valve: To prevent water from flowing back into the well.
– Pressure tank bladder: To replace a faulty one in a pressure tank.
– Well seal: To seal the well casing around the drop pipe.
– Pipe hangers or straps: To support the discharge pipe inside the well.
| Item | Quantity | Specification |
|---|---|---|
| Submersible Pump | 1 | Horsepower (HP), Voltage (V), Flow Rate (GPM) |
| Discharge Pipe | As required | Diameter, Length, Material |
| Electrical Cable | 1 | Gauge, Length, Type |
| Check Valve | 1 | Diameter, Pressure Rating |
| Pressure Tank Bladder | 1 | Capacity, Pre-charge Pressure |
Safety Considerations
Working on a water well pump can be hazardous, so it’s essential to take the necessary safety precautions before beginning any work.
1. Ensure Electrical Safety
Before working on the pump, always disconnect the power supply at the circuit breaker or fuse box. Never touch electrical wires or components with wet hands or while standing on wet surfaces.
2. Wear Protective Gear
Wear gloves, safety glasses, and sturdy footwear to protect yourself from any potential hazards, such as debris or electrical shocks.
3. Disconnect the Water Supply
Turn off the water supply to the pump by closing the main water valve located near the wellhead.
4. Vent the Well
Before removing the old pump, vent the well to release any trapped pressure. This will prevent water from spraying out when the pump is disconnected. To vent the well, open a faucet in the house to relieve the pressure in the plumbing system. Then, remove the pressure relief valve from the top of the well casing and allow the air to escape. Once the pressure is released, replace the relief valve and close the faucet.
| Safety Consideration | Action |
|—|—|
| Electrical Safety | Disconnect power supply |
| Protective Gear | Wear gloves, safety glasses, and sturdy footwear |
| Water Supply | Shut off main water valve |
| Well Venting | Open faucet to relieve pressure, remove pressure relief valve, and replace when pressure is released |
Disconnecting the Old Pump
1. Shut Off Power and Water Supply
- Locate the electrical disconnect switch for the well pump and flip it to the "Off" position.
- Close the shut-off valve on the water supply line leading to the house.
2. Drain the Pressure Tank
- Open a faucet in the house to depressurize the water system.
- Open the drain valve on the pressure tank to drain out any remaining water.
3. Disconnect the Electrical Wiring
- Remove the electrical cover from the pump control box.
- Carefully disconnect the wires from the terminals on the pump motor.
- Cap the wires with electrical tape to prevent short circuits.
4. Disconnect the Water Lines
- Use a wrench to disconnect the water supply line from the pump.
- Disconnect the water discharge line from the pump.
- Remove any unions or fittings that may be connecting the pump to the well casing or the water system.
5. Remove the Pump from the Well Casing
- Attach a pulling rope or chain to the eyelet on top of the pump.
- Tie the other end of the rope securely to a stable object, such as a tree branch or a winch.
- Use a winch or pull the rope by hand to slowly lift the pump out of the casing.
- Ensure that the rope is strong enough to support the weight of the pump.
| Caution: |
|—|—|
| The pump can be heavy, so use proper lifting techniques. |
| Avoid sudden movements or jerking the rope as it could cause damage to the well casing or the pump. |
Removing the Old Pump from the Well
1. Disconnect the power to the well pump by turning off the circuit breaker or fuse that supplies power to the pump.
2. **Close the water supply valve** to the well pump. This valve is usually located near the well head.
3. Remove the electrical wires from the pump. There will be two or three wires connected to the pump: a black wire (hot), a white wire (neutral), and a green or bare wire (ground).
4. **Disconnect the water pipe from the pump. The water pipe is usually connected to the pump with a union.
5. **Lower the pump out of the well. To do this, you will need to use a rope or chain to attach to the pump. Slowly lower the pump out of the well, being careful not to drop it.
6. **Once the pump is out of the well, you can disconnect the rope or chain.
– Inspect the pump for any damage. If the pump is damaged, it will need to be replaced.
– Clean the pump housing and impeller.
– If the pump is salvageable, you can now reinstall it in the well.
– If the pump is not salvageable, you will need to purchase a new pump.
Installing the New Pump
1. Disconnect and Cap the Power Cable: Turn off the power to the well at the breaker or fuse box. Disconnect the power cable from the old pump and cap the wire ends to prevent exposure.
2. Remove the Drop Pipe and Pitless Adapter: Using a pipe wrench or special tool, unscrew the drop pipe from the pitless adapter. Carefully hoist the drop pipe out of the well, taking care not to damage it.
3. Clean the Well Casing: Use a wire brush or well casing cleaner to remove any debris, corrosion, or mineral deposits on the inside of the well casing.
4. Lubricate the Pitless Adapter O-Ring: Apply a non-toxic, silicone-based lubricant to the O-ring on the pitless adapter. This will help prevent leaks and ensure a proper seal.
5. Lower the New Pump: Attach the new pump to a sturdy rope or cable and slowly lower it into the well casing. Make sure the pump is positioned evenly in the well and does not hang up on any obstacles.
6. Connect the Drop Pipe: Screw the drop pipe to the discharge port on the new pump. Hand-tighten the connection first, then use a pipe wrench to snug it up further.
7. **Priming and Testing the Pump:** Before turning on the pump, it must be primed with water. Follow these steps for priming:
| Step | Action |
|---|---|
| a. | Open the nearest faucet or valve connected to the well water system. |
| b. | Pour water into the priming port on the pump until it overflows. |
| c. | Close the faucet or valve you opened in Step a. |
Turn on the power to the well and let the pump run for a few minutes. If the pump is primed correctly, you should see water flowing from the faucet or valve. If not, repeat the priming steps or consult a professional.
Connecting the New Pump
Once the new pump is in place, it is time to connect it to the electrical supply and the water system. Follow these steps carefully:
1. Wiring the Pump
Refer to the pump’s manual for specific wiring instructions. Generally, you will need to connect the three wires (black, white, and ground) from the pump to the corresponding wires in the electrical panel.
2. Connecting the Pressure Switch
Install the pressure switch on the pressure tank and connect the wires from the pump to the switch. The pressure switch will control the pump’s on and off cycles based on the water pressure in the system.
3. Connecting the Suction Line
Connect the suction line (usually PVC pipe) from the pump to the well casing. Ensure that the pipe is sealed securely to prevent leaks.
4. Priming the Pump
Fill the pump and suction line with water to prime the pump. This will help prevent damage to the pump when it starts running.
5. Connecting the Discharge Line
Connect the discharge line (usually copper or PEX pipe) from the pump to the water distribution system in the house.
6. Installing Check Valves
Install check valves on the suction and discharge lines to prevent water from flowing back into the well or pump.
7. Testing the System
Turn on the pump and check for leaks and proper operation. Adjust the pressure switch settings as necessary to maintain the desired water pressure.
8. Proper Connection Techniques
For secure and long-lasting connections, follow these best practices:
| Connection Method | Description |
|---|---|
| Soldering | Use solder and flux to create a strong, permanent connection between copper pipes. |
| Crimping | Use a crimping tool to create a tight, leak-proof connection between PEX pipes and fittings. |
| Compression Fittings | Connect two pipes or fittings using a compression nut and ferrule, which creates a seal when tightened. |
| SharkBite Fittings | Push-to-connect fittings that provide quick and easy connections without tools or soldering. |
Priming the Pump
The process of priming a water well pump involves introducing a sufficient quantity of water or another fluid into the pump so that it can create the necessary suction to draw water from the well. Follow these steps to prime the pump:
- Fill the Pump Chamber: Open the access port on the pump and pour water into the chamber until it is about half full.
- Install the Dip Tube: Connect the dip tube, which is a tube that extends into the well, to the pump and ensure it is fully submerged in the well water.
- Connect the Power: Turn on the power supply to the pump.
- Open the Discharge Valve: Gradually open the discharge valve, which is located on the outlet pipe of the pump, to allow water to flow out.
- Monitor the Flow: Observe the water flow rate and adjust the discharge valve accordingly to maintain a steady stream.
- Check for Leaks: Inspect all connections for leaks and tighten any loose fittings as necessary.
- Recheck Water Level: If the pump stops running or loses pressure, check the water level in the pump chamber. If it has dropped significantly, stop the pump and refill it with water.
- Continue Pumping: Allow the pump to run until the water stream becomes steady and free of air bubbles.
- Air Bleeder Valve: Some pumps have an air bleeder valve that can be opened to release trapped air during priming. Close the valve once a steady water flow is established.
**Here’s a table summarizing the steps for priming a water well pump:**
| Step | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | Fill the pump chamber with water |
| 2 | Install the dip tube |
| 3 | Connect the power supply |
| 4 | Open the discharge valve |
| 5 | Monitor the flow rate |
| 6 | Check for leaks |
| 7 | Recheck water level |
| 8 | Continue pumping |
| 9 | Use air bleeder valve (if available) |
Testing the New Pump
After the new pump has been installed, it’s essential to test it thoroughly to ensure proper functionality. Here are the steps involved in testing the new pump:
- Turn on the power supply to the pump.
- Open a faucet or valve connected to the water system to allow water to flow through the pump.
- Observe the water flow:
Expected Observation Possible Interpretation Steady, strong water flow Pump is operating correctly Weak or intermittent water flow Pump may be malfunctioning, or there may be an issue with the water line No water flow Pump is not functioning, or there is a significant problem with the water line - Check for leaks around the pump and its connections.
- Monitor the pump’s pressure gauge (if equipped):
Pressure Reading Possible Interpretation Within manufacturer’s specifications Pump is operating at the correct pressure Too high Water pressure may be too high, potentially damaging the system Too low Pump may not be able to deliver adequate water pressure - Run the pump for an extended period (e.g., 20-30 minutes) to ensure continuous operation and stability.
- Listen for any unusual noises or vibrations from the pump.
- If any issues arise during testing, turn off the power to the pump and contact a qualified plumber for diagnosis and repair.
- Once the pump has passed the test, it is ready to be put into regular operation.
- Keep a record of the testing results for future reference.
How To Replace A Water Well Pump
Replacing a water well pump can be a daunting task, but it is not impossible. With the right tools and a little know-how, you can save yourself the cost of hiring a plumber. Here are the steps on how to replace a water well pump:
1. **Turn off the power to the well pump.** This is usually done at the circuit breaker or fuse box.
2. **Close the water supply valve.** This is usually located near the wellhead.
3. **Disconnect the electrical wires from the pump.** Be sure to label the wires so you can reconnect them correctly later.
4. **Disconnect the water lines from the pump.** Use a wrench to loosen the nuts that hold the lines in place.
5. **Unbolt the pump from the well casing.** Use a socket wrench to loosen the bolts that hold the pump in place.
6. **Lift the pump out of the well casing.** Be careful not to damage the pump or the casing.
7. **Inspect the pump for damage.** If the pump is damaged, you will need to replace it.
8. **Install the new pump.** Lower the new pump into the well casing and bolt it into place.
9. **Reconnect the water lines to the pump.** Tighten the nuts that hold the lines in place.
10. **Reconnect the electrical wires to the pump.** Be sure to connect the wires correctly.
11. **Turn on the power to the well pump.**
12. **Open the water supply valve.**
13. **Check for leaks.** If there are any leaks, tighten the nuts that hold the water lines in place.
People Also Ask
How much does it cost to replace a water well pump?
The cost to replace a water well pump can vary depending on the type of pump, the depth of the well, and the location of the well. However, you can expect to pay between $500 and $2,000 for a new pump and installation.
How long does it take to replace a water well pump?
Replacing a water well pump can take anywhere from a few hours to a few days. The time it takes will depend on the complexity of the job and the experience of the person doing the work.
Can I replace a water well pump myself?
Yes, you can replace a water well pump yourself if you have the right tools and a little know-how. However, if you are not comfortable working with electrical wiring or plumbing, it is best to hire a professional.
